🧘♂️ Jainism – Complete Notes for Government Exams
🔸 Origin & Meaning
- Derived from "Jin" meaning conqueror or victor
- Ancient Indian religion, older than Vedic traditions
- Focus on Ahimsa (Non-violence), truth, and asceticism
📜 Founders & Tirthankaras
- 1st Tirthankara: Rishabhanatha (Adinath)
- 23rd: Parshvanath (877 BCE, Varanasi)
- 24th & Last: Mahavira (599–527 BCE)
- Birthplace: Kundagrama (Vaishali, Bihar)
- Enlightenment: Age 42 under a Sal Tree
- Nirvana: Pawapuri, Bihar at age 72
📘 Teachings of Jainism
Triratna (3 Jewels):- Right Faith (Samyak Darshan)
- Right Knowledge (Samyak Gyan)
- Right Conduct (Samyak Charitra)
- Ahimsa
- Satya
- Asteya
- Brahmacharya
- Aparigraha
🕊️ Key Concepts
- Ahimsa: Non-violence
- Anekantavada: Multiplicity of truth
- Syadvada: Conditional viewpoints
- Karma: Belief in action and consequences
- Moksha: Liberation of soul from rebirth
🏛️ Sects of Jainism
| Shwetambara | Digambara |
|---|---|
| Wear white clothes Women can achieve moksha Idols clothed |
Sky-clad (naked) Women cannot attain moksha Idols unclothed |
📚 Jain Councils (Sangiti)
- 1st Council: Pataliputra – 3rd Century BCE – Presided by Sthulabhadra
- 2nd Council: Vallabhi (Gujarat) – 5th Century CE – Presided by Devardhigani
📍 Important Temples
- Dilwara Temples – Mount Abu
- Shravanabelagola – Karnataka
- Pawapuri Jal Mandir – Bihar
- Ranakpur Temple – Rajasthan
🎯 Exam Tricks
- Mahavira belonged to Lichchhavi clan (Kshatriya)
- Unlike Buddhism, Jainism believes in Atma (soul)
- Does NOT believe in creator god
- Mahavira married Yashoda and had a daughter
🖼️ Visual Summary (Infographic)
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