1. Paristithiki tantra (Ecosystem) ko sarvottam roop se kaise paribhashit kiya ja sakta hai?
(A) Keval kisi kshetra ke paudhe aur janwar
Explanation: Galat. Ecosystem sirf paudhe aur janwar tak seemit nahi hai; isme abiotic (non-living) components bhi shamil hote hain.
(B) Kisi kshetra ke jeevit jeev (jaivik ghatak) aur unka bhautik paryavaran (ajaivik ghatak) ke beech antarkriya
Explanation: Sahi. Ecosystem ki paribhasha yahi hai – jeevit (biotic) aur bhautik (abiotic) components ka interaction, jo energy flow aur nutrient cycling ke through hota hai.
(C) Keval kisi kshetra ka bhautik paryavaran
Explanation: Galat. Bhautik paryavaran sirf abiotic part hai, lekin ecosystem mein biotic components bhi zaroori hote hain.
(D) Kisi kshetra mein keval khaadya shrankhala
Explanation: Galat. Khaadya shrankhala ecosystem ka ek hissa hai, lekin poora ecosystem nahi.
Answer: (B)
2. Nimnalikhit mein se kaun sa ek sthaleey paristithiki tantra ka udaaharan hai?
(A) Taalaab
Explanation: Galat. Taalaab ek jaleey (aquatic) ecosystem hai.
(B) Mahasaagar
Explanation: Galat. Mahasaagar bhi jaleey ecosystem hai.
(C) Ghaas ka maidaan
Explanation: Sahi. Ghaas ka maidaan ek sthaleey (terrestrial) ecosystem hai, jisme ghaas aur usse related jeev hote hain.
(D) Nadi
Explanation: Galat. Nadi ek jaleey (lotic) ecosystem hai.
Answer: (C)
3. Nimnalikhit mein se kaun sa ek jaleey paristithiki tantra ka udaaharan hai?
(A) Jangal
Explanation: Galat. Jangal ek sthaleey ecosystem hai.
(B) Registaan
Explanation: Galat. Registaan bhi sthaleey ecosystem hai.
(C) Prawaal bhitti (Coral Reef)
Explanation: Sahi. Coral reef ek jaleey ecosystem hai, jo samudron mein paya jata hai.
(D) Tundra
Explanation: Galat. Tundra ek sthaleey ecosystem hai, jisme thandi climate hoti hai.
Answer: (C)
4. "Lentic" jaleey paristithiki tantra kise sandarbhit karta hai?
(A) Bahte paani (jaise nadi)
Explanation: Galat. Bahta paani "lotic" ecosystem hota hai.
(B) Sthir paani (jaise jheel, taalaab)
Explanation: Sahi. Lentic ecosystems mein paani sthir hota hai, jaise jheel ya taalaab.
(C) Khaara paani (jaise mahasaagar)
Explanation: Galat. Khaara paani mahasaagar ka feature ho sakta hai, lekin lentic ka nahi.
(D) Bhoomigat jal
Explanation: Galat. Bhoomigat jal ecosystem ka part ho sakta hai, lekin lentic nahi.
Answer: (B)
5. "Lotic" jaleey paristithiki tantra kise sandarbhit karta hai?
(A) Sthir paani (jaise jheel)
Explanation: Galat. Sthir paani lentic hota hai.
(B) Bahte paani (jaise nadi, dhaara)
Explanation: Sahi. Lotic ecosystems mein paani bahta hai, jaise nadi ya dhaara.
(C) Daldaali bhoomi
Explanation: Galat. Daldaali bhoomi (wetland) alag category hai, lotic nahi.
(D) Gahre samudra
Explanation: Galat. Gahre samudra jaleey hain, lekin lotic nahi.
Answer: (B)
6. Paristithiki tantra ke ajaivik (abiotic) ghatak mein shamil hai:
(A) Paudhe, janwar, kavak
Explanation: Galat. Yeh sab biotic (jeevit) components hain.
(B) Surya ka prakaash, taapmaan, paani, mitti
Explanation: Sahi. Abiotic components non-living hote hain, jaise surya ka prakaash, paani, mitti, taapmaan.
(C) Keval shikaari
Explanation: Galat. Shikaari biotic hote hain.
(D) Keval utpaadak
Explanation: Galat. Utpaadak (producers) bhi biotic hote hain.
Answer: (B)
7. Paristithiki tantra ke jaivik (biotic) ghatak mein shamil hai:
(A) Hawa, paani, barish
Explanation: Galat. Yeh abiotic components hain.
(B) Utpaadak, upbhokta, apghatak
Explanation: Sahi. Biotic components mein producers (utpaadak), consumers (upbhokta), aur decomposers (apghatak) shamil hote hain.
(C) Taapmaan, varsha, aadrata
Explanation: Galat. Yeh abiotic factors hain.
(D) Keval mitti ke poshak tatva
Explanation: Galat. Poshak tatva abiotic hote hain.
Answer: (B)
8. Nimnalikhit mein se kaun ek utpaadak (producer) ka udaaharan hai?
(A) Dor
Explanation: Galat. Dor (rope) ek jeev nahi hai.
(B) Ghaas
Explanation: Sahi. Ghaas ek producer hai kyunki yeh photosynthesis se apna khana banati hai.
(C) Kavak (fungus)
Explanation: Galat. Kavak decomposers hote hain, producers nahi.
(D) Hiran
Explanation: Galat. Hiran ek primary consumer (herbivore) hai.
Answer: (B)
9. Prathamik upbhokta (primary consumer) kaun hote hain?
(A) Maansahaari (carnivores)
Explanation: Galat. Maansahaari secondary ya tertiary consumers hote hain.
(B) Shaakaahaari (herbivores)
Explanation: Sahi. Primary consumers shaakaahaari hote hain jo producers (paudhe) ko khate hain.
(C) Sarvahaari (omnivores)
Explanation: Galat. Sarvahaari multiple trophic levels par ho sakte hain, lekin primary consumer nahi.
(D) Apghatak (decomposers)
Explanation: Galat. Apghatak dead matter ko decompose karte hain, consumers nahi.
Answer: (B)
10. Dwitiyak upbhokta (secondary consumer) saamanya roop se kya khate hain?
(A) Paudhe
Explanation: Galat. Paudhe primary consumers ke liye hain.
(B) Prathamik upbhokta (shaakaahaari)
Explanation: Sahi. Secondary consumers primary consumers (herbivores) ko khate hain, jaise frog grasshopper ko khata hai.
(C) Apghatak
Explanation: Galat. Apghatak dead matter par kaam karte hain, khaye nahi jate.
(D) Keval anya dwitiyak upbhokta
Explanation: Galat. Secondary consumers primary consumers ko khate hain, doosre secondary consumers ko nahi.
Answer: (B)
11. Apghatak (decomposers) ka paristithiki tantra mein kya kaarya hai?
(A) Surya ki urja ko kheenchana
Explanation: Galat. Yeh producers ka kaam hai (photosynthesis).
(B) Shaakaahaariyon ka shikaar karna
Explanation: Galat. Yeh consumers (carnivores) ka kaam hai.
(C) Mrit kaarbanik padaarthon ko todkar poshak tatvon ka punarchakran karna
Explanation: Sahi. Decomposers (jaise bacteria, fungi) dead organic matter ko break karke nutrients ko recycle karte hain.
(D) Oxygen ka utpaadan karna
Explanation: Galat. Oxygen producers (plants) banate hain photosynthesis ke through.
Answer: (C)
12. Paristithiki tantra mein urja ka pravah kaisa hota hai?
(A) Chakriy
Explanation: Galat. Urja ka pravah cyclic nahi hota; yeh ek direction mein jata hai.
(B) Bahu-dishaattmak
Explanation: Galat. Urja sirf ek hi direction mein flow karti hai.
(C) Ek-dishaattmak (utpaadak se uchch poshan staro tak)
Explanation: Sahi. Urja producers se consumers aur decomposers tak ek direction mein jati hai (unidirectional).
(D) Yaadrichhik
Explanation: Galat. Urja ka pravah random nahi hota.
Answer: (C)
13. Khaadya shrankhala (food chain) kya darshati hai?
(A) Jeevon ke beech aavaas ka sambandh
Explanation: Galat. Yeh habitat ki baat nahi, energy transfer ki baat hai.
(B) Urja ke pravah ka ek rekhiy path (ek jeev se doosre mein)
Explanation: Sahi. Food chain ek linear sequence hai jo energy transfer ko dikhati hai (e.g., grass → grasshopper → frog).
(C) Ajaivik ghatakon ki suchi
Explanation: Galat. Food chain mein abiotic components nahi hote.
(D) Jansankhya vriddhi
Explanation: Galat. Yeh population growth se related nahi hai.
Answer: (B)
14. Ek saadhaaran khaadya shrankhala mein, ghaas → tiddi → mendhak → saanp, mendhak kis poshan star (trophic level) par hai?
(A) Utpaadak
Explanation: Galat. Utpaadak ghaas hai, jo photosynthesis karta hai.
(B) Prathamik upbhokta
Explanation: Galat. Prathamik upbhokta tiddi hai, jo ghaas khati hai.
(C) Dwitiyak upbhokta
Explanation: Sahi. Mendhak tiddi (primary consumer) ko khata hai, isliye yeh secondary consumer hai.
(D) Tritiyak upbhokta
Explanation: Galat. Tritiyak upbhokta saanp hai, jo mendhak ko khata hai.
Answer: (C)
15. Khaadya jaal (food web) kya hai?
(A) Ek ekal khaadya shrankhala
Explanation: Galat. Food web ek single chain nahi, balki interconnected chains ka network hai.
(B) Ek paristithiki tantra mein kai paraspar judi hui khaadya shrankhalaein
Explanation: Sahi. Food web multiple food chains ka interconnected network hota hai, jo ecosystem mein energy flow dikhata hai.
(C) Keval shikaariyon ka network
Explanation: Galat. Food web mein producers, consumers, aur decomposers sab shamil hote hain.
(D) Keval utpaadakon ka samooh
Explanation: Galat. Food web sirf producers tak seemit nahi.
Answer: (B)
16. Khaadya jaal, khaadya shrankhala ki tulna mein zyada sthir kyun mana jata hai?
(A) Kyunki ismein kam jeev hote hain
Explanation: Galat. Food web mein zyada jeev hote hain.
(B) Kyunki jeevon ke paas bhojan ke kai vaikalpik strot hote hain
Explanation: Sahi. Food web mein ek jeev ke paas multiple food sources hote hain, jo ek chain ke failure par bhi stability deta hai.
(C) Kyunki yeh saral hota hai
Explanation: Galat. Food web complex hota hai, saral nahi.
(D) Kyunki ismein urja ka pravah nahi hota
Explanation: Galat. Food web mein urja ka pravah hota hai.
Answer: (B)
17. Paristithik pyramid (ecological pyramid) kya darshata hai?
(A) Vibhinn poshan staro par jeevon ki sankhya, biomass ya urja
Explanation: Sahi. Ecological pyramids trophic levels par number, biomass, ya energy ko represent karte hain.
(B) Paristithiki tantra ka bhogolik vitran
Explanation: Galat. Yeh geographic distribution nahi dikhata.
(C) Prajatiyon ke vikas ka kram
Explanation: Galat. Yeh evolution se related nahi hai.
(D) Ajaivik kaarkon ka prabhav
Explanation: Galat. Yeh abiotic factors ke effects nahi dikhata.
Answer: (A)
18. Sankhya ka pyramid (pyramid of numbers) kis paristithiki tantra mein ulta (inverted) ho sakta hai?
(A) Ghaas ke maidaan mein
Explanation: Galat. Ghaas ke maidaan mein pyramid of numbers upright hota hai (zyada producers, kam consumers).
(B) Ek ped ke paristithiki tantra mein (jahaan ek ped par kai keede rehte hain)
Explanation: Sahi. Ek ped par ek producer (ped) hota hai, lekin uspar bahut saare keede (primary consumers) hote hain, isliye inverted pyramid banta hai.
(C) Taalaab mein
Explanation: Galat. Taalaab mein bhi pyramid upright hota hai.
(D) Registaan mein
Explanation: Galat. Registaan mein bhi upright pyramid hota hai.
Answer: (B)
19. Biomass ka pyramid (pyramid of biomass) kis paristithiki tantra mein saamanya roop se ulta (inverted) hota hai?
(A) Jangal
Explanation: Galat. Jangal mein biomass pyramid upright hota hai (zyada producer biomass).
(B) Ghaas ka maidaan
Explanation: Galat. Ghaas ke maidaan mein bhi upright hota hai.
(C) Jaleey paristithiki tantra (jaise samudra, jahaan phytoplankton ka biomass zooplankton se kam hota hai)
Explanation: Sahi. Samudra mein phytoplankton (producers) ka biomass kam hota hai compared to zooplankton (consumers), isliye inverted pyramid banta hai.
(D) Tundra
Explanation: Galat. Tundra mein upright pyramid hota hai.
Answer: (C)
20. Urja ka pyramid (pyramid of energy) hamesha seedha (upright) kyun hota hai?
(A) Kyunki urja ka nirmaan hota hai
Explanation: Galat. Urja ka nirmaan nahi hota, yeh transfer hoti hai.
(B) Kyunki pratyek poshan star par urja ka kshay hota hai (garmi ke roop mein)
Explanation: Sahi. Har trophic level par ~90% urja heat ke roop mein lose ho jati hai (10% rule), isliye energy pyramid hamesha upright hota hai.
(C) Kyunki uchch poshan staro par zyada urja hoti hai
Explanation: Galat. Uchch staro par urja kam hoti hai.
(D) Kyunki urja pakshiy hoti hai
Explanation: Galat. Urja cyclic nahi, unidirectional hoti hai.
Answer: (B)
21. Ek poshan star se agle poshan star tak anumanit kitni urja sthanaantarit hoti hai (10% niyam)?
(A) 1%
Explanation: Galat. 1% bahut kam hai; 10% rule ke hisaab se 10% transfer hoti hai.
(B) 10%
Explanation: Sahi. 10% rule ke mutaabik, har trophic level se agle tak ~10% urja transfer hoti hai.
(C) 50%
Explanation: Galat. Itni zyada urja transfer nahi hoti.
(D) 100%
Explanation: Galat. Poori urja transfer nahi hoti; zyadatar heat mein lose hoti hai.
Answer: (B)
22. Biomass kya hai?
(A) Kisi kshetra ka kul kshetrafal
Explanation: Galat. Biomass area se related nahi, balki jeevon ke weight se hai.
(B) Kisi diye gaye kshetra ya aayatan mein jeevit jeevon ka kul shushk bhaar (dry weight)
Explanation: Sahi. Biomass jeevon ka total dry weight hai, jo g/m² ya kg/ha mein measure hota hai.
(C) Ajaivik padaarthon ka kul bhaar
Explanation: Galat. Biomass sirf jeevit jeevon ka hota hai, non-living ka nahi.
(D) Kisi prajaati ki kul sankhya
Explanation: Galat. Biomass number nahi, weight ko measure karta hai.
Answer: (B)
23. Paristithik utpaadakta (ecological productivity) kya hai?
(A) Jeevon ki sankhya mein vriddhi
Explanation: Galat. Productivity population growth nahi, biomass production ki rate hai.
(B) Kisi paristithiki tantra mein biomass utpaadan ki dar
Explanation: Sahi. Ecological productivity biomass production ki rate ko measure karta hai (e.g., g/m²/year).
(C) Urja kshay ki dar
Explanation: Galat. Yeh energy loss se related nahi hai.
(D) Poshak tatvon ke punarchakran ki dar
Explanation: Galat. Yeh nutrient cycling se alag hai.
Answer: (B)
24. Sakal prathamik utpaadakta (Gross Primary Productivity - GPP) kya hai?
(A) Utpaadakon dwara shwasan mein upyog ki gayi urja
Explanation: Galat. Shwasan mein use hone wali urja respiration loss hai, GPP nahi.
(B) Utpaadakon dwara prakaash sanshleshan ke madhyam se kaarbanik padaarth utpaadan ki kul dar
Explanation: Sahi. GPP photosynthesis ke through producers dwara capture kiya gaya total energy hai.
(C) Upbhoktaon dwara aatmashaat ki gayi urja
Explanation: Galat. Yeh consumers se related nahi, producers se hai.
(D) Apghatan ki dar
Explanation: Galat. Apghatan decomposers ka kaam hai, GPP nahi.
Answer: (B)
25. Shuddha prathamik utpaadakta (Net Primary Productivity - NPP) kya hai?
(A) GPP + shwasan (R)
Explanation: Galat. NPP shwasan ko add nahi karta, subtract karta hai.
(B) GPP - shwasan (R)
Explanation: Sahi. NPP woh urja hai jo producers ke shwasan losses ke baad bachti hai (NPP = GPP - R).
(C) Keval shwasan (R)
Explanation: Galat. Shwasan loss hai, productivity nahi.
(D) Upbhoktaon ke liye upalabdh kul urja
Explanation: Galat. Yeh NPP ka definition hai, lekin poori urja nahi, sirf baaki bachi urja.
Answer: (B)
26. Upbhoktaon dwara naye biomass ke nirmaan ki dar ko kya kehte hain?
(A) Sakal prathamik utpaadakta (GPP)
Explanation: Galat. GPP producers ka concept hai.
(B) Shuddha prathamik utpaadakta (NPP)
Explanation: Galat. NPP bhi producers ka concept hai.
(C) Dwitiyak utpaadakta (secondary productivity)
Explanation: Sahi. Secondary productivity consumers dwara biomass production ki rate hai.
(D) Apghatan dar
Explanation: Galat. Apghatan decomposers se related hai.
Answer: (C)
27. Nimnalikhit mein se kaun sa kaarak prathamik utpaadakta ko seemit kar sakta hai?
(A) Surya ka prakaash
Explanation: Sahi. Photosynthesis ke liye prakaash zaroori hai.
(B) Paani ki uplabdhata
Explanation: Sahi. Paani bhi photosynthesis aur plant growth ke liye critical hai.
(C) Poshak tatvon ki uplabdhata
Explanation: Sahi. Nitrogen, phosphorus jaise nutrients plants ke liye zaroori hote hain.
(D) Uprokt sabhi
Explanation: Sahi. Sabhi factors (prakaash, paani, nutrients) primary productivity ko limit kar sakte hain.
Answer: (D)
28. Vishva ka sabse adhik utpaadak paristithiki tantra kaun sa mana jata hai?
(A) Registaan
Explanation: Galat. Registaan mein productivity kam hoti hai (paani ki kami).
(B) Tundra
Explanation: Galat. Tundra mein bhi thandi climate ki wajah se productivity kam hai.
(C) Ushnakatibandhiy varshavan aur prawal bhittiyaan
Explanation: Sahi. Tropical rainforests aur coral reefs bahut productive hote hain kyunki inmein high biodiversity aur favorable conditions (prakaash, paani, nutrients) hote hain.
(D) Khule mahasaagar
Explanation: Galat. Khule mahasaagar mein nutrient deficiency ki wajah se productivity kam hoti hai.
Answer: (C)
29. Khule mahasaagaron ki utpaadakta kam kyun hoti hai?
(A) Surya ke prakaash ki kami ke kaaran
Explanation: Galat. Surface par prakaash uplabdh hota hai.
(B) Poshak tatvon (visheshkar nitrogen aur phosphorus) ki kami ke kaaran
Explanation: Sahi. Khule mahasaagaron mein nutrients (jaise nitrogen, phosphorus) ki kami hoti hai, jo phytoplankton growth ko limit karti hai.
(C) Taapmaan bahut zyada hone ke kaaran
Explanation: Galat. Taapmaan productivity ke liye major issue nahi hai.
(D) Dabaav bahut zyada hone ke kaaran
Explanation: Galat. Dabaav deep ocean mein issue ho sakta hai, lekin surface productivity par nahi.
Answer: (B)
30. Poshan star (trophic level) kya sandarbhit karta hai?
(A) Kisi jeev ka nivaas sthaan
Explanation: Galat. Trophic level habitat nahi, food chain mein position ko dikhata hai.
(B) Khaadya shrankhala ya khaadya jaal mein kisi jeev ki sthiti
Explanation: Sahi. Trophic level jeev ki food chain ya web mein role (producer, consumer, etc.) ko define karta hai.
(C) Mitti mein poshak tatvon ka star
Explanation: Galat. Yeh nutrient cycling se related hai, trophic level se nahi.
(D) Paani ki gehraai
Explanation: Galat. Paani ki gehraai aquatic ecosystems mein factor ho sakti hai, lekin trophic level nahi.
Answer: (B)
31. Sarvahaari (omnivores) kis poshan star par aate hain?
(A) Keval prathamik upbhokta
Explanation: Galat. Omnivores sirf primary consumers nahi hote.
(B) Keval dwitiyak upbhokta
Explanation: Galat. Omnivores sirf secondary consumers nahi hote.
(C) Ve kai poshan staro par bhojan kar sakte hain (jaise prathamik aur dwitiyak)
Explanation: Sahi. Omnivores paudhe (primary consumer role) aur doosre jeev (secondary consumer role) dono khate hain, isliye multiple trophic levels par hote hain.
(D) Keval utpaadak
Explanation: Galat. Omnivores producers nahi hote.
Answer: (C)
32. Detritivore ya aprawhaari kya hain?
(A) Paudhe khane wale
Explanation: Galat. Paudhe khane wale herbivores hote hain.
(B) Maans khane wale
Explanation: Galat. Maans khane wale carnivores hote hain.
(C) Mrit kaarbanik padaarth (apard - detritus) khane wale (jaise kenchua)
Explanation: Sahi. Detritivores dead organic matter (detritus) khate hain, jaise kenchua, jo mitti mein mrit padaarth khata hai.
(D) Prakaash sanshleshan karne wale
Explanation: Galat. Yeh producers ka kaam hai.
Answer: (C)
33. Paristithiki tantra ke kaarya mein shamil hain:
(A) Urja pravah
Explanation: Sahi. Energy flow ecosystem ka key function hai.
(B) Poshak chakran
Explanation: Sahi. Nutrient cycling (jaise carbon, nitrogen) bhi zaroori hai.
(C) Paristithik anukraman
Explanation: Sahi. Ecological succession ecosystem ke development ka part hai.
(D) Uprokt sabhi
Explanation: Sahi. Sabhi (energy flow, nutrient cycling, succession) ecosystem ke functions hain.
Answer: (D)
34. Prakaash sanshleshan ke liye aavashyak ajaivik ghatak hai:
(A) Oxygen, nitrogen, paani
Explanation: Galat. Oxygen photosynthesis ka by-product hai, nitrogen directly use nahi hota.
(B) Carbon dioxide, paani, surya ka prakaash
Explanation: Sahi. Photosynthesis ke liye CO₂, paani, aur sunlight zaroori hote hain (6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂).
(C) Mitti, hawa, janwar
Explanation: Galat. Yeh directly photosynthesis mein use nahi hote.
(D) Keval taapmaan
Explanation: Galat. Taapmaan ek factor ho sakta hai, lekin poora component nahi.
Answer: (B)
35. Kaun sa paristithiki tantra prakaar prithvi ki satah ke sabse bade hisse ko cover karta hai?
(A) Jangal
Explanation: Galat. Jangal large hain, lekin sabse bada nahi.
(B) Ghaas ke maidaan
Explanation: Galat. Ghaas ke maidaan bhi limited area cover karte hain.
(C) Registaan
Explanation: Galat. Registaan bhi smaller area mein hote hain.
(D) Mahasaagariy (jaleey) paristithiki tantra
Explanation: Sahi. Mahasaagar prithvi ki ~71% satah ko cover karte hain, isliye sabse bade hain.
Answer: (D)
36. Jheel paristithiki tantra mein, littoral zone kaun sa hai?
(A) Sabse gehra kshetra
Explanation: Galat. Gehra kshetra profundal zone hota hai.
(B) Khula jal kshetra
Explanation: Galat. Khula jal limnetic zone hota hai.
(C) Kinare ka ujhla kshetra jahaan prakaash tal tak pahunchta hai
Explanation: Sahi. Littoral zone jheel ka shallow kshetra hai jahaan sunlight bottom tak jata hai, supporting plant growth.
(D) Talchhat kshetra
Explanation: Galat. Talchhat benthic zone hota hai.
Answer: (C)
37. Taapmaan, varsha aur pramukh vanspati prakaar ke aadhaar par bade bhogolik kshetron ko kya kaha jata hai?
(A) Paristithiki tantra
Explanation: Galat. Ecosystem smaller units hote hain.
(B) Samudaay
Explanation: Galat. Samudaay sirf biotic components ka group hai.
(C) Biome
Explanation: Sahi. Biomes bade geographic areas hote hain jo climate aur vegetation ke basis par define hote hain (e.g., tropical rainforest, desert).
(D) Jansankhya
Explanation: Galat. Jansankhya ek species ka group hai.
Answer: (C)
38. Yadi kisi khaadya shrankhala se utpaadakon ko hata diya jaye to kya hoga?
(A) Upbhokta badhenge
Explanation: Galat. Utpaadak ke bina upbhoktaon ko khana nahi milega.
(B) Poori khaadya shrankhala vigha jayegi
Explanation: Sahi. Utpaadak food chain ka base hote hain; inke bina poora chain collapse ho jayega kyunki energy source khatam ho jayega.
(C) Keval sheersh shikaari prabhavit honge
Explanation: Galat. Sabhi trophic levels prabhavit honge.
(D) Koi prabhav nahi padega
Explanation: Galat. Utpaadak ke bina ecosystem survive nahi kar sakta.
Answer: (B)
39. Biomass ko saamanya roop se kis ikaai mein maapa jata hai?
(A) Sankhya prati ikaai kshetra
Explanation: Galat. Yeh pyramid of numbers ke liye hai.
(B) Urja prati ikaai kshetra prati ikaai samay (jaise kcal/m²/yr)
Explanation: Galat. Yeh productivity ke liye hai, biomass ke liye nahi.
(C) Shushk bhaar prati ikaai kshetra (jaise g/m² ya kg/ha)
Explanation: Sahi. Biomass dry weight mein measure hota hai, jaise g/m² ya kg/ha.
(D) Litre prati ikaai kshetra
Explanation: Galat. Litre volume ke liye hai, biomass ke liye nahi.
Answer: (C)
40. Prathamik utpaadakta ko saamanya roop se kis ikaai mein maapa jata hai?
(A) Sankhya prati ikaai kshetra
Explanation: Galat. Yeh numbers ke liye hai, productivity ke liye nahi.
(B) Urja ya biomass prati ikaai kshetra prati ikaai samay (jaise g/m²/yr ya kcal/m²/yr)
Explanation: Sahi. Primary productivity biomass (g/m²/year) ya energy (kcal/m²/year) ke roop mein measure hoti hai.
(C) Keval kilogram
Explanation: Galat. Kilogram area aur time ke context ke bina incomplete hai.
(D) Keval calorie
Explanation: Galat. Calorie bhi area aur time ke bina incomplete hai.
Answer: (B)
41. Mritopjivi (saprotrophs) kiska udaaharan hain?
(A) Utpaadak
Explanation: Galat. Utpaadak photosynthesis karte hain, saprotrophs nahi.
(B) Prathamik upbhokta
Explanation: Galat. Prathamik upbhokta herbivores hote hain.
(C) Dwitiyak upbhokta
Explanation: Galat. Dwitiyak upbhokta carnivores ya omnivores hote hain.
(D) Apghatak (jaise kavak, bacteria)
Explanation: Sahi. Saprotrophs decomposers hote hain, jaise fungi aur bacteria, jo dead matter ko decompose karte hain.
Answer: (D)
42. Paristithiki tantra mein urja ka antim strot kya hai?
(A) Paudhe
Explanation: Galat. Paudhe urja ko capture karte hain, lekin strot nahi hain.
(B) Paani
Explanation: Galat. Paani abiotic factor hai, urja strot nahi.
(C) Surya
Explanation: Sahi. Surya ecosystem mein urja ka primary source hai, jo photosynthesis ke through capture hoti hai.
(D) Hawa
Explanation: Galat. Hawa abiotic factor hai, urja strot nahi.
Answer: (C)
43. Kisi paristithiki tantra ki sanrachna (structure) mein kya shamil hota hai?
(A) Keval urja pravah
Explanation: Galat. Urja pravah function hai, structure nahi.
(B) Jaivik aur ajaivik ghatakon ki vyakhya aur prakaar
Explanation: Sahi. Ecosystem ki structure mein biotic (producers, consumers, decomposers) aur abiotic (sunlight, water, soil) components shamil hote hain.
(C) Keval poshak chakran
Explanation: Galat. Poshak chakran function hai, structure nahi.
(D) Keval utpaadakta dar
Explanation: Galat. Utpaadakta bhi function hai.
Answer: (B)
44. Nimnalikhit mein se kaun sa ajaivik kaarak kisi jaleey paristithiki tantra ke liye mahatvapurna hai?
(A) Lavanta (salinity)
Explanation: Sahi. Salinity aquatic ecosystems (jaise samudra) mein jeevon ke survival ko affect karti hai.
(B) Paani ka taapmaan
Explanation: Sahi. Temperature aquatic jeevon ke metabolism aur distribution ko prabhavit karta hai.
(C) Prakaash bhedan (light penetration)
Explanation: Sahi. Light penetration photosynthesis aur aquatic producers ke liye critical hai.
(D) Uprokt sabhi
Explanation: Sahi. Sabhi factors (salinity, temperature, light) aquatic ecosystems ke liye mahatvapurna hain.
Answer: (D)
45. Registaani paristithiki tantra ki visheshta kya hai?
(A) Uchch varsha, uchch jaiv vividhta
Explanation: Galat. Yeh tropical rainforests ki visheshta hai.
(B) Kam varsha, uchch taapmaan, visheshikrit paudhe aur janwar
Explanation: Sahi. Registaan mein kam paani, high temperature, aur adapted species (jaise cactus, camel) hote hain.
(C) Sthayi roop se jami hui mitti (permafrost)
Explanation: Galat. Permafrost tundra ki visheshta hai.
(D) Ghane ped
Explanation: Galat. Ghane ped forests mein hote hain, registaan mein nahi.
Answer: (B)
46. Jangal ki aag (forest fire) paristithiki tantra ke liye kya ho sakti hai?
(A) Hamesha vinashkari
Explanation: Galat. Aag kabhi-kabhi positive bhi ho sakti hai (e.g., succession ko trigger karti hai).
(B) Ek prakaar ka prakritik vyavadhaan jo anukraman ko prabhavit kar sakta hai
Explanation: Sahi. Forest fire ek natural disturbance hai jo ecological succession ko start ya influence kar sakti hai.
(C) Keval ajaivik ghatakon ko prabhavit karti hai
Explanation: Galat. Aag biotic aur abiotic dono ko affect karti hai.
(D) Hamesha maanav nirmitt
Explanation: Galat. Aag natural causes (jaise lightning) se bhi ho sakti hai.
Answer: (B)
47. Phytoplankton jaleey khaadya jaal mein kya bhumika nibhate hain?
(A) Prathamik upbhokta
Explanation: Galat. Prathamik upbhokta zooplankton hote hain jo phytoplankton khate hain.
(B) Dwitiyak upbhokta
Explanation: Galat. Dwitiyak upbhokta zooplankton ya chhoti machhli khate hain.
(C) Utpaadak
Explanation: Sahi. Phytoplankton aquatic ecosystems mein primary producers hote hain kyunki yeh photosynthesis karte hain.
(D) Apghatak
Explanation: Galat. Apghatak dead matter ko decompose karte hain, phytoplankton nahi.
Answer: (C)
48. Paristithiki tantra ke adhyayan ko kya kehte hain?
(A) Koshika vigyaan (cytology)
Explanation: Galat. Cytology cells ka study hai.
(B) Aanuvanshik vigyaan (genetics)
Explanation: Galat. Genetics genes aur heredity ka study hai.
(C) Paristithiki (ecology)
Explanation: Sahi. Ecology ecosystems aur jeevon ke interactions ka study hai.
(D) Bhuvigyaan (geology)
Explanation: Galat. Geology earth aur rocks ka study hai.
Answer: (C)
49. Keystone prajaati (keystone species) kya hai?
(A) Paristithiki tantra mein sabse prachur prajaati
Explanation: Galat. Keystone species zyada abundant nahi hoti, balki impactful hoti hai.
(B) Ek prajaati jiska uske biomass ke anupaat mein paristithiki tantra par atyadhik bada prabhav padta hai
Explanation: Sahi. Keystone species ka ecosystem par disproportionate effect hota hai, jaise sea otters kelp forests ko maintain karte hain.
(C) Sabse chhoti prajaati
Explanation: Galat. Size se keystone species ka relation nahi hai.
(D) Paristithiki tantra mein sabse kam mahatvapurna prajaati
Explanation: Galat. Keystone species bahut mahatvapurna hoti hai.
Answer: (B)
50. Utpaadakon dwara sangrahit urja jo upbhoktaon ke liye uplabdh hoti hai, vah kya kehlati hai?
(A) Sakal prathamik utpaadakta (GPP)
Explanation: Galat. GPP total energy hai, lekin isme respiration losses shamil hote hain.
(B) Dwitiyak utpaadakta
Explanation: Galat. Dwitiyak utpaadakta consumers se related hai.
(C) Shuddha prathamik utpaadakta (NPP)
Explanation: Sahi. NPP woh urja hai jo producers ke shwasan ke baad bachti hai aur consumers ke liye uplabdh hoti hai (NPP = GPP - R).
(D) Shwasan haani
Explanation: Galat. Shwasan haani energy loss hai, uplabdh urja nahi.
Answer: (C)
Summary
Correct Answers (as per Answer Key):
1(B), 2(C), 3(C), 4(B), 5(B), 6(B), 7(B), 8(B), 9(B), 10(B),
11(C), 12(C), 13(B), 14(C), 15(B), 16(B), 17(A), 18(B), 19(C), 20(B),
21(B), 22(B), 23(B), 24(B), 25(B), 26(C), 27(D), 28(C), 29(B), 30(B),
31(C), 32(C), 33(D), 34(B), 35(D), 36(C), 37(C), 38(B), 39(C), 40(B),
41(D), 42(C), 43(B), 44(D), 45(B), 46(B), 47(C), 48(C), 49(B), 50(C).