(b) Who was the exponent of pragmatism? प्रयोजनवाद का प्रतिपादक कौन था?
(c) Write the full form of RSMA. आर० एस० एम० ए० का पूर्ण रूप लिखिए।
(d) Education is effective शिक्षा, धर्मनिरपेक्षता का प्रभावी of secularism. है।
(Fill in the blank)
( रिक्त स्थान भरिए)
(e) Compulsory and free education for children is fundamental rights.
बच्चों के लिए अनिवार्य और निःशुल्क शिक्षा मूल अधिकार है।
(Write True or False).
( सत्य या असत्य लिखिए )
Concept of negative education is given by नकारात्मक शिक्षा की अवधारणा किसके द्वारा दी गई है?
(i) Plato / प्लेटो
(ii) Rousseau / रूसो
(iii) Dewey / डीवी
(iv) None of them इनमें से कोई नहीं
(Choose the correct answer)
(सही उत्तर चुनिए)
(g) What are the different branches of traditional school of philosophy? परम्परागत दर्शन की विभिन्न शाखाएँ क्या है?
Here are the complete and well-explained answers to your short questions (b to g) in proper B.Ed. exam format:
✅ (b) Who was the exponent of pragmatism?
Answer:
➡️ The main exponent of pragmatism was John Dewey, an American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer.
He believed in learning by doing and emphasized experience-based education.
✅ (c) Write the full form of RSMA.
Answer:
➡️ RSMA stands for:
Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan
(राष्ट्रीय माध्यमिक शिक्षा अभियान)
It is a centrally sponsored scheme launched in 2009 to improve access to secondary education in India.
✅ (d) Education is an effective ______ of secularism.
Fill in the blank:
➡️ Answer: instrument
Correct Sentence: Education is an effective instrument of secularism.
It helps promote religious tolerance and equality among all communities.
✅ (e) Compulsory and free education for children is fundamental rights.
Write True or False:
➡️ Answer: True
As per Article 21-A of the Indian Constitution (inserted by the 86th Amendment, 2002), free and compulsory education for children aged 6–14 is a Fundamental Right.
✅ (f) Concept of negative education is given by:
Choose the correct answer:
➡️ Correct Answer: (ii) Rousseau / रूसो
Rousseau, in his book "Emile or On Education", introduced the idea of Negative Education, which means not teaching moral lessons directly but allowing the child to learn naturally through experience.
✅ (g) What are the different branches of traditional school of philosophy?
Answer:
The main branches of traditional (orthodox) philosophy are:
-
Idealism – Emphasizes ideas, values, and the mind.
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Realism – Focuses on objective reality and science-based education.
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Naturalism – Stresses learning from nature and development according to natural laws.
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Pragmatism – Believes in learning through experience and practical work.
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Existentialism – Focuses on individual freedom, choice, and responsibility.
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