Thank you for the clarification. Here's the complete and proper answer for each part of Question 1 (all 12 sub-questions), fully explained in simple and clear English, suitable for handwritten or digital copy:
B.Ed 1st Year Exam, 2023
Subject: Childhood and Growing Up
Question 1: Answer any eight (2×8 = 16 Marks)
(a) Write the branches of Psychology.
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General Psychology – Study of fundamental principles of psychology.
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Developmental Psychology – Studies human growth and development across life stages.
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Social Psychology – Study of how individuals behave in a social environment.
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Educational Psychology – Application of psychological principles in education.
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Clinical Psychology – Deals with diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders.
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Industrial Psychology – Studies human behavior at the workplace.
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Child Psychology – Focuses on behavior and development of children.
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Cognitive Psychology – Studies mental processes like memory, learning, and perception.
(b) Difference between Pure Psychology and Applied Psychology.
| Pure Psychology | Applied Psychology |
|---|---|
| Concerned with theory and basic research. | Applies psychological principles to real-world problems. |
| Focus is on gaining knowledge. | Focus is on solving problems. |
| Example: Experimental psychology. | Example: Educational psychology. |
(c) Define Development.
Development refers to the progressive changes (physical, mental, emotional, and social) that occur throughout a person's life. It is a continuous and orderly process that begins from conception and lasts till death.
(d) How many aspects of development are there?
There are five major aspects of development:
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Physical development – Growth in body and brain.
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Cognitive development – Thinking, learning, problem-solving.
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Emotional development – Understanding and managing emotions.
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Social development – Interaction with others and society.
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Moral development – Understanding of right and wrong.
(e) Role of Family in Childhood.
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Family is the first school of the child.
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Provides love, care, and emotional security.
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Shapes the child's language, behavior, and personality.
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Teaches social values, norms, and culture.
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Supports the educational and moral development of the child.
(f) Vocational Guidance for Adolescents.
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Helps adolescents to understand their strengths and interests.
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Provides information about careers and education options.
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Assists in choosing a suitable career path.
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Prevents career confusion and anxiety.
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Encourages goal-setting and planning for the future.
(g) Describe good habits useful for future life.
Some important good habits are:
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Punctuality – Being on time increases discipline.
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Cleanliness – Promotes hygiene and good health.
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Respect for elders – Builds strong moral values.
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Truthfulness – Builds trust and integrity.
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Reading habit – Improves knowledge and language.
(h) Importance of Physical Exercises in Adolescence.
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Supports physical growth and fitness.
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Reduces stress and improves mood.
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Enhances concentration and memory.
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Promotes positive body image and confidence.
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Prevents lifestyle diseases like obesity, diabetes, etc.
(i) Major Aspects of Social Development.
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Learning to interact with others.
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Understanding social roles like being a student, friend, etc.
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Cooperation and teamwork.
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Respect for rules and authority.
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Development of empathy and communication skills.
(j) Show that the school is an agency of socialization.
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School teaches discipline, rules, and order.
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Encourages interaction with peers and teachers.
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Teaches teamwork and cooperation.
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Introduces moral values and civic duties.
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Helps in cognitive and emotional growth.
(k) What are racial differences?
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Racial differences refer to biological traits that differentiate human populations such as:
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Skin color
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Facial features
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Hair texture
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Eye shape
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These differences are inherited genetically and are not linked to intelligence or behavior.
(l) Causes of Individual Differences.
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Heredity – Genetic traits from parents.
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Environment – Family, school, and society impact development.
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Education – Exposure to knowledge and skills.
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Nutrition and health – Affects physical and mental abilities.
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Emotional background – Love, care, and security shape personality.
✅ Let me know if you now want:
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Full answers for the unit-wise long questions (from Q2 to Q9), or
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An HTML-formatted version of these answers for Blogger.
I can do both with proper formatting.