.Ed 1st Year Exam 2022 Subject: Childhood and Growing Up UNIT-WISE LONG ANSWERS (16 Marks Each) Handwritten-style Notebook

B.Ed 1st Year Exam 2022

Subject: Childhood and Growing Up
UNIT-WISE LONG ANSWERS (16 Marks Each)
Handwritten-style Notebook Format

UNIT-I

Q2. What is meant by Growth and Development? How will you differentiate them?

Ans:
Growth is the increase in the physical aspects of the body such as height, weight, and body size. It is measurable and limited to a certain age.

Development is a comprehensive process that includes physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and moral growth. It is continuous and lifelong.

Difference Between Growth and Development:

Point	Growth	Development
Meaning	Physical increase in size	Total changes in personality
Nature	Quantitative	Qualitative + Quantitative
Scope	Limited to body	Covers all dimensions of life
Time Period	Ends at maturity	Continues lifelong
Measurable	Yes	Not exactly

Q3. Discuss the period between 6 to 12 years in detail.

Ans:
The period from 6 to 12 years is known as late childhood or school-age period. It is a phase of steady growth and important psychological and social development.

Characteristics:

Physical Development: Slow but steady growth in height and weight. Fine motor skills improve.
Cognitive Development: Thinking becomes logical. Children develop memory, attention, and reasoning.
Emotional Development: Learn to manage emotions better, show empathy.
Social Development: Peer relationships become important. Cooperation and teamwork develop.
Moral Development: Understand fairness, justice, and rules.
Language Development: Vocabulary expands, better sentence construction.

UNIT-II

Q4. Explain social characteristics of adolescence.

Ans:
Social development during adolescence is marked by the following traits:

Peer Influence: Friends become more influential than family.
Social Identity: Adolescents try to define their role in society.
Group Participation: Prefer group activities and feel the need to belong.
Gender Awareness: Attraction to opposite sex increases.
Independence: Want freedom in decision making.
Conformity: Adolescents tend to follow peer norms to gain acceptance.

Q5. Special problems of Indian adolescents and how to help them

Ans:
Problems:

Educational Pressure: Stress due to marks and career.
Emotional Conflicts: Mood swings and depression.
Peer Pressure: Risk of drug use, smoking, etc.
Identity Crisis: Confused about self-image.
Parental Expectation: Stress from high demands.

How to Help:

Provide guidance and counseling.
Encourage open communication.
Promote value-based education.
Train teachers to deal with adolescent needs.
Offer emotional and moral support.

UNIT-III

Q6. What is social development? Stages of social development

Ans:
Social development is the process through which a child learns to interact with others and follows societal norms.

Stages:

Infancy (0–2 years): Attachment with caregivers.
Early Childhood (2–6 years): Play, imitation.
Late Childhood (6–12 years): Peer group importance.
Adolescence (12+ years): Identity formation and independence.

Q7. Discuss: School is an agency of socialization.

Ans:
School plays a key role in socializing children. It teaches:

Discipline and punctuality.
Social norms and values.
Cooperation, leadership, and teamwork.
Respect for others and civic responsibilities.
Offers a platform for interaction beyond family.

Q8. What are racial differences?

Ans:
Racial differences refer to the physical, genetic, and sometimes cultural differences among various groups of people based on skin color, facial features, etc. Examples: Caucasian, Mongoloid, Negroid races.

Q9. Causes of individual differences

Ans:

Heredity: Genetic traits from parents.
Environment: Family, school, society.
Education: Type and quality of education.
Health: Physical and mental health.
Socio-economic status: Economic background influences development.

Q10. Social development of children depends on home and school

Ans:

Home: First agent of socialization. Teaches love, care, basic values.
School: Teaches discipline, cooperation, diversity, and social responsibility.

Both together shape the child’s behavior, confidence, and ability to live in society.

UNIT-IV

Q11. Define gifted children and describe programmes for their education

Ans:
Gifted Children: Children with high IQ (above 130) or extraordinary talent in academics, arts, or leadership.

Programmes:

Enrichment Programmes: Extra materials beyond syllabus.
Acceleration: Promote to higher grades.
Individual Attention: Personalised learning methods.
Special Schools: Designed curriculum for gifted learners.
Competitions: Olympiads, quizzes, etc.

Q12. Describe individual differences on the basis of personality

Ans:
Personality traits cause individual differences in behavior, learning, and adjustment.

Basis of Differences:

Introvert vs Extrovert: Social tendencies.
Emotional Stability: Calm vs anxious.
Interests and Aptitudes: Artistic, logical, musical.
Motivation Level: High or low ambition.
Learning Styles: Visual, auditory, kinesthetic.