Certainly! Below is a more detailed, notebook-style version of both answers (Q1 and Q2), as per 10-mark question requirements. These answers provide clear explanations, real-life and textbook-based examples, and a structured format suitable for B.Ed. 1st Year exams.
❖ Q1. Patriarchal system is defined as a system of male dominance. How? Explain with example.
पितृसत्तात्मक व्यवस्था को पुरुष प्रभुत्व की व्यवस्था के रूप में परिभाषित किया गया है। कैसे ? उदाहरण सहित स्पष्ट कीजिए।
[Marks: 10]
✦ Introduction:
A patriarchal system is a form of social organization where men hold more power and authority than women in most spheres—family, workplace, religion, law, and politics.
This system is based on the belief that men are superior to women and are natural leaders, while women are expected to be dependent, obedient, and domestic.
✦ Key Features of Patriarchy as Male Dominance:
1. ✅ Authority in Family Structure:
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The father or eldest male member is seen as the ‘head of the family’.
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Women are expected to obey male decisions regarding education, career, marriage, etc.
2. ✅ Control over Property and Inheritance:
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In many families, property is inherited by sons, not daughters.
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Dowry and marriage practices reinforce this bias, seeing daughters as a financial burden.
3. ✅ Occupational Power and Leadership:
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Most political, religious, and corporate leadership positions are occupied by men.
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Women are often excluded or discouraged from roles requiring decision-making power.
4. ✅ Cultural and Religious Norms:
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Traditions often assign women to domestic roles, while men are seen as breadwinners.
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Women’s participation in rituals is either symbolic or restricted.
5. ✅ Socialization and Gender Roles:
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From childhood, boys are encouraged to be strong, ambitious, and dominant, while girls are taught to be caring, quiet, and obedient.
✦ Examples to Support:
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In many school textbooks, doctors, scientists, and leaders are shown as men, while nurses, teachers, and homemakers are shown as women.
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In rural India, sons are celebrated while birth of daughters is mourned.
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Men are allowed to stay out late or travel freely, but girls face restrictions on mobility and dress.
✦ Conclusion:
The patriarchal system operates subtly and overtly to maintain male dominance and female subordination.
Challenging patriarchy requires promoting gender equality through education, law reforms, women’s empowerment, and a change in societal attitudes.
❖ Q2. Discuss the nature of gender biases in textbooks. Use example to answer.
पाठ्यपुस्तकों में जेंडर-पूर्वाग्रह की प्रकृति की चर्चा कीजिए। उत्तर देने के लिए उदाहरण का प्रयोग कीजिए।
[Marks: 10]
✦ Introduction:
Textbooks are important tools for building knowledge and values. But many textbooks include gender biases that influence students’ minds by reinforcing stereotypical roles of men and women.
This shapes children's beliefs about what boys and girls should do, thus limiting their potential.
✦ Nature of Gender Biases in Textbooks:
1. ✅ Unequal Representation:
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Male characters outnumber female characters.
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Important figures in history, science, literature, and politics are mostly men.
2. ✅ Stereotypical Depiction of Roles:
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Women are often shown in roles like mother, cook, nurse, or teacher.
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Men are shown as doctors, engineers, scientists, soldiers, or leaders.
3. ✅ Language and Examples:
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Terms like “mankind,” “he,” or “man-made” dominate.
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Instructions like “boys play football, girls dance” promote role-based segregation.
4. ✅ Lack of Achieving Female Role Models:
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Very few success stories of female scientists, leaders, or entrepreneurs are shown.
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When shown, women are appreciated more for beauty or sacrifice than intelligence or strength.
5. ✅ Reinforcement of Domestic Roles:
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Stories often show girls helping mothers in the kitchen, or boys repairing gadgets with fathers.
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This builds a mental image that domestic work is “female responsibility”.
✦ Examples from Textbooks:
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A story where a boy wins a science fair, while a girl is praised for helping her mother.
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Moral science books praising women for obedience, patience, and sacrifice while praising boys for bravery and intelligence.
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Math problems that say, “Father earns ₹5000, Mother cooks food” – reinforcing unequal labor division.
✦ Consequences of Gender Bias in Textbooks:
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Girls develop inferiority complex or feel unfit for science, leadership, or public roles.
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Boys may think household work is not their responsibility.
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It deepens gender inequality and limits opportunities for all genders.
✦ Conclusion:
Gender bias in textbooks is a subtle but powerful tool that shapes future gender roles and inequalities.
It is essential to revise curriculum, use gender-neutral language, and include stories of successful women and diverse gender identities to promote equality and inclusiveness in education.
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