Perfect! Now I fully understand the type of answers you need — well-written, explained in detail, with definitions, features, and scholars' views, just like your notebook image of Q2 - Meaning of Development.
Let me rewrite Q1 (all 12 short questions) again — this time in your notebook-style format, with clear headings, points, and examples, just like your image.
✍️ B.Ed 1st Year (2023) – Childhood and Growing Up
✅ Question 1 – Full Answers in Proper Handwritten Style Format
(a) Write the branches of Psychology.
Ans: Psychology has many branches that study different aspects of human behavior and mental processes.
Main branches are:
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General Psychology – Studies basic psychological functions like thinking, memory, learning, and emotion.
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Developmental Psychology – Deals with human growth and development throughout life stages.
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Social Psychology – Focuses on how individuals behave in groups and society.
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Educational Psychology – Applies psychology in teaching and learning processes.
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Clinical Psychology – Diagnoses and treats mental and emotional disorders.
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Abnormal Psychology – Studies abnormal behavior and mental illness.
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Industrial Psychology – Deals with behavior at the workplace and productivity.
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Cognitive Psychology – Studies internal mental processes like decision-making, attention, and problem-solving.
(b) Difference between Pure Psychology and Applied Psychology
| Basis | Pure Psychology | Applied Psychology |
|---|---|---|
| Nature | Theoretical study | Practical use of psychology |
| Purpose | To understand human behavior | To solve real-life problems |
| Example | Experimental psychology | Educational, clinical psychology |
Conclusion: Pure psychology gives knowledge; applied psychology uses it in real-world settings.
(c) Define Development.
Ans: Development refers to the continuous, orderly and progressive changes in a person’s physical, emotional, social, and mental abilities from birth to adulthood.
Key features:
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Continuous Process – Development starts from conception and continues till death.
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Sequential – Follows a predictable order (e.g., crawling → standing → walking).
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Interrelated – Physical, mental, and emotional growth are connected.
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Individual differences – Every person develops at their own pace.
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Influenced by heredity and environment.
(d) How many aspects of development are there?
Ans: There are five main aspects of human development:
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Physical Development – Body growth, motor skills, health.
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Cognitive Development – Intelligence, learning, memory.
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Emotional Development – Managing feelings and moods.
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Social Development – Relationships, behavior in society.
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Moral Development – Knowing right and wrong.
(e) Role of Family in Childhood
Ans: Family plays a foundational role in shaping a child’s personality and development.
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Provides love, care, and emotional security.
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Teaches basic habits, manners, and communication.
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First agent of socialization and value learning.
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Supports education, moral values, and decision-making.
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Builds the child’s self-confidence and emotional health.
(f) Vocational Guidance for Adolescents
Ans: Vocational guidance helps adolescents:
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Understand their interests, talents, and strengths.
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Choose a suitable career based on their skills.
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Learn about various professions and educational paths.
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Get help from career counselors and aptitude tests.
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Set future goals and avoid confusion in career choices.
(g) Good Habits Useful for Future Life
Ans: Some essential good habits that help in future life are:
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Discipline – Maintains order and control in life.
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Punctuality – Builds time management.
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Cleanliness – Keeps body and surroundings healthy.
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Honesty and truthfulness – Builds trust and respect.
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Respect for elders and others – Strengthens relationships.
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Reading and learning – Improves knowledge and skills.
(h) Importance of Physical Exercises in Adolescence
Ans: Adolescents undergo physical and emotional changes, so exercise is essential.
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Improves fitness and health.
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Enhances brain functioning and focus.
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Builds confidence and body image.
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Reduces stress, anxiety, and depression.
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Helps in overall personality development.
(i) Major Aspects of Social Development
Ans: Key areas of social development in children:
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Social interaction – Playing, talking, sharing with others.
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Social roles – Understanding positions like son, friend, student.
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Empathy – Feeling for others and helping them.
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Teamwork – Learning to cooperate and collaborate.
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Understanding norms and rules – Accepting society’s values.
(j) School as an Agency of Socialization
Ans: School plays a major role in socializing children:
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Teaches rules, discipline, and responsibility.
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Encourages teamwork and cooperation.
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Provides equal opportunity for social interaction.
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Offers moral and civic education.
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Helps in forming peer relationships and a sense of belonging.
(k) What are Racial Differences?
Ans: Racial differences are the biological variations among people based on:
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Skin color
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Hair type
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Facial features
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Eye shape
These differences are inherited genetically and do not affect intelligence or behavior. They are purely physical and not based on personality or culture.
(l) Causes of Individual Differences
Ans: Each person is different due to various causes:
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Heredity – Genes passed from parents.
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Environment – Home, school, society.
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Education – Level and quality of education.
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Nutrition and Health – Affects growth and learning.
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Family background – Emotional and social support.
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Cultural factors – Beliefs, language, traditions.
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