Certainly! Here's the more detailed notebook-style version of the Section A (Short Answers) from the B.Ed 1st Year Exam, 2020 paper on Language Across the Curriculum:
✅ SECTION A – Short Answer Questions
(Attempt any five out of eight)
2×5 = 10 Marks
🔹 (a) Define Language.
Language is a systematic, symbolic system used by humans to communicate thoughts, ideas, emotions, and information.
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It includes spoken, written, or gestural symbols (such as signs).
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Every language follows grammar rules which help in organizing words meaningfully.
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It plays a vital role in learning, cultural expression, and social interaction.
✅ Conclusion: Language is a powerful tool for understanding and expressing knowledge in any educational setting.
🔹 (b) Define A Priori Knowledge.
A priori knowledge refers to knowledge that is gained independently of experience.
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It is innate, universal, and logical, not learned from observation.
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Based on reasoning and deduction.
📌 Example: Mathematical truths like “A triangle has three sides” or logical statements like “All bachelors are unmarried” are considered a priori.
✅ It is contrasted with a posteriori knowledge, which comes from experience.
🔹 (c) Write the Meaning of Instructions.
Instructions are a set of clear, step-by-step directions given by a teacher to help students understand what they are expected to do.
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They guide students during learning activities.
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Help establish classroom discipline and clarity.
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Good instructions are simple, clear, and goal-oriented.
📌 Example: “Write five lines about your family” is an instruction.
✅ In teaching, giving effective instructions helps improve learning outcomes.
🔹 (d) Write the Types of Textbooks.
There are several types of textbooks used in school education:
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Core Textbooks:
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Main subject book prescribed by the board or curriculum authority.
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Used regularly in the classroom.
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Supplementary Readers:
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Support core books; used for extended reading and enrichment.
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Workbooks:
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Practice books with exercises to reinforce learning.
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Reference Books:
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For in-depth learning and exploration, such as dictionaries, encyclopedias.
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✅ Each type serves a specific role in enhancing learning and comprehension.
🔹 (e) What is the Difference Between Home Language and School Language?
| Aspect | Home Language | School Language |
|---|---|---|
| Usage | Spoken at home with family | Used in school for instruction |
| Nature | Informal and emotional | Formal and academic |
| Comfort Level | High (native fluency) | May vary depending on exposure |
| Influence | Culture and community | Curriculum and academic learning |
📌 Example: A child may speak Magahi at home but learn in Hindi or English in school.
✅ Bridging the gap between home and school language helps in better understanding and learning.
🔹 (f) Write the Meaning of Evaluation in Language.
Evaluation in language means assessing a learner’s ability in different language skills:
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Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing (LSRW).
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Done through tests, assignments, activities, or oral presentations.
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Helps teachers understand progress, strengths, and areas needing improvement.
✅ It is essential to make teaching student-centered and goal-oriented.
🔹 (g) Write Any Two Demerits of Speaking.
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Lack of Permanency:
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Spoken words disappear quickly; no record unless recorded.
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Prone to Misunderstanding:
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Mispronunciation, accent, or unclear speech can lead to miscommunication.
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✅ Speaking is effective for immediate interaction but has limitations compared to writing.
🔹 (h) Write Two Importances of Language in Curriculum.
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Language as Medium of Instruction:
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All subjects are taught through language; language is the tool for learning.
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Develops Thinking and Expression:
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Encourages students to think critically, ask questions, and express ideas clearly.
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✅ Without strong language skills, academic learning and performance suffer.
✅ These answers are now fully expanded.
Shall I proceed with Q.2: Discuss the different aspects of language policies in long-answer format?