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✅ Q3. What are the important aspects of physical development? Describe the social and moral development of childhood.
(शारीरिक विकास के महत्त्वपूर्ण पक्ष क्या हैं? बाल्यावस्था में सामाजिक एवं नैतिक विकास का वर्णन कीजिए।)
[Marks: 16]
📌 Introduction:
Child development is a holistic process, which includes physical, social, emotional, moral, and cognitive aspects.
During childhood (approximately 2 to 12 years), rapid physical changes occur, and it is also the time when social behaviors and moral values start forming.
✅ Part 1: Important Aspects of Physical Development (शारीरिक विकास के प्रमुख पक्ष)
Physical development refers to the growth of the body and improvement in motor skills.
1. Height and Weight (ऊँचाई और वजन):
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Children grow steadily in height and gain weight.
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Growth spurts may occur at different stages, especially towards adolescence.
2. Body Proportion and Appearance (शरीर की बनावट):
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Body parts become more proportionate.
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Baby fat reduces and muscle tone improves.
3. Motor Development (मांसपेशियों की क्रियाशीलता):
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Gross motor skills: Running, jumping, climbing.
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Fine motor skills: Drawing, writing, buttoning clothes.
4. Brain and Nervous System (मस्तिष्क और तंत्रिका तंत्र):
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Development of brain helps in coordination, memory, and balance.
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Cognitive abilities improve with physical brain maturity.
5. Sensory Development (इंद्रिय विकास):
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Senses like vision, hearing, and touch become more accurate and refined.
6. Health and Immunity (स्वास्थ्य और रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता):
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Children become more active but are also vulnerable to diseases if nutrition is poor.
✅ Part 2: Social Development in Childhood (बाल्यावस्था में सामाजिक विकास)
Social development is the process of learning to interact and behave in socially acceptable ways.
Key Aspects:
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Attachment to Family (परिवार से लगाव):
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Child forms strong emotional bonds with parents and siblings.
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Learning Social Norms (सामाजिक नियमों का ज्ञान):
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Child learns to follow rules, share, take turns, and respect others.
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Peer Group Interaction (साथियों से मेल-जोल):
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Begins to play in groups, cooperate, and develop friendships.
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Role Playing (भूमिका निभाना):
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Understands and imitates social roles (teacher, parent, etc.).
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Communication Skills (संचार कौशल):
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Improves ability to express thoughts and feelings effectively.
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✅ Part 3: Moral Development in Childhood (नैतिक विकास)
Moral development is the formation of conscience, values, right and wrong judgment.
According to Piaget and Kohlberg:
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Heteronomous Morality (अन्याश्रित नैतिकता):
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Child believes rules are fixed and must be followed strictly.
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Autonomous Morality (स्वायत्त नैतिकता):
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Gradually learns intentions matter more than outcome.
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Influence of Family and Teachers:
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Children learn morality through observation, punishment/reward, stories, and cultural values.
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Values Learned in Childhood:
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Honesty, truthfulness
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Respect and obedience
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Sense of fairness
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Empathy and compassion
🔚 Conclusion:
Childhood is a critical stage for developing physical strength, social behavior, and moral conscience.
Parents, teachers, and environment play a vital role in shaping these dimensions and preparing the child for a successful life ahead.
Would you like to continue with Q4: "Describe the contemporary reality of adolescence with special focus on Bihar" next?