Certainly! Let's move on with the next detailed and exam-appropriate answer for Q6, continuing in the same B.Ed-style format.
✍️ Q6. What is social development? Explain its stages.
[Marks: 16 | Long Answer Format]
(सामाजिक विकास क्या है? इसके विभिन्न चरणों की व्याख्या कीजिए।)
📌 Introduction:
Social development refers to the process by which an individual learns to live in society, interact with others, and understand social norms, values, and roles.
It involves learning to cooperate, communicate, respect others, adjust, and function as a responsible member of the community.
It is a lifelong process, but it starts from early childhood and is strongly influenced by family, school, peers, and society.
✅ Definition of Social Development:
“Social development means acquiring the ability to behave in accordance with social expectations.”
– Hurlock
“Social development is the process by which an individual learns social norms, values, and skills to adjust in society.”
– Crow and Crow
✅ Objectives of Social Development:
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To develop interpersonal relationships
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To promote social values and cooperation
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To help individuals become socially responsible
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To encourage tolerance, empathy, and teamwork
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To build a sense of identity and belonging
🧒 Stages of Social Development:
Social development occurs in sequential stages, closely related to the age and environment of the child.
🌼 1. Infancy Stage (0 to 2 years):
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Child is egocentric (self-centered).
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Begins to form attachment with mother or caregiver.
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Smiles, cries, and coos as early social responses.
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Learns basic trust vs. mistrust (Erikson’s theory).
🌱 2. Early Childhood (2 to 6 years):
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Begins parallel play (playing alongside others without interaction).
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Slowly moves to cooperative play.
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Learns sharing, waiting for turn, and basic rules.
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Develops a sense of initiative vs. guilt.
📚 3. Late Childhood (6 to 12 years):
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Peer group becomes very important.
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Understands rules, fairness, discipline.
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Starts following group norms and enjoys team games.
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Gains sense of industry vs. inferiority.
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School and teachers play a big role in social learning.
🧠 4. Adolescence (12 to 18 years):
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Tries to form personal identity and social identity.
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Relationship with family changes – seeks independence.
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Develops deep friendships, loyalty, and sometimes romantic interests.
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Faces peer pressure, wants acceptance.
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This is the stage of identity vs. role confusion.
🧑 5. Adulthood and Beyond (18 years onwards):
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Social roles become more defined and responsible (worker, parent, citizen).
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Focus on intimacy vs. isolation (young adulthood).
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Balancing work, family, society becomes important.
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Later stages involve reflection on contribution to society (generativity vs. stagnation).
🏫 Role of School and Teachers in Social Development:
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Providing opportunities for group activities, drama, sports, and debates.
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Promoting value education and moral teaching.
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Encouraging respect for diversity and cooperation.
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Helping students develop leadership, empathy, and conflict-resolution skills.
🔚 Conclusion:
Social development is an essential part of human growth. It transforms a biological being into a social being.
By understanding its stages, educators and parents can nurture well-adjusted individuals who can positively contribute to society.
✅ Coming up next: Q7 – What is emotional development? Explain its importance and characteristics.
Shall I continue in the same detailed B.Ed format?