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✅ Q.2. Discuss the different aspects of language policies.
(Marks: 10)
🔷 I. Introduction
A language policy refers to the rules, guidelines, or plans created by a government or educational body to manage the use, teaching, and promotion of languages within a country or institution.
✅ In a multilingual country like India, language policies are very important to ensure inclusivity, accessibility, and cultural diversity in education.
🔶 II. Definition of Language Policy
A language policy is a deliberate effort to influence the function, structure, or acquisition of language(s) in an educational or national context.
It determines:
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Which languages are used for teaching and learning
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The status of regional, national, and international languages
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The medium of instruction and language priorities in education
🔷 III. Major Aspects of Language Policy
🟢 1. Three-Language Formula
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Introduced in India by the National Policy on Education (1968, reaffirmed in NEP 2020).
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Aims to promote national integration and multilingual proficiency.
✅ Includes:
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Mother tongue/regional language
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Hindi or English
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Another modern Indian or foreign language
📌 Goal: Encourage unity in diversity through language learning.
🔵 2. Medium of Instruction
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Primary education: Preferably in the mother tongue or regional language for better understanding and cognitive development.
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Higher education: Often shifts to Hindi, English, or state languages.
✅ NEP 2020 encourages multilingual teaching up to at least Grade 5, and preferably till Grade 8.
🟡 3. Promotion of Regional Languages
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Language policies ensure recognition and promotion of regional languages through:
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Inclusion in curriculum
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Development of textbooks and learning materials
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Appointing language teachers
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📌 Example: Teaching Odia in Odisha schools, or Tamil in Tamil Nadu.
🟣 4. Use of English and Foreign Languages
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English is often used for global communication, technology, and higher education.
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Language policies balance between promoting Indian languages and global competency.
✅ Foreign languages (like French, German, Spanish) are sometimes offered as elective subjects.
🔴 5. Language and Employment
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Knowledge of multiple languages increases employment opportunities in administration, translation, teaching, tourism, media, etc.
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Policies help ensure that language does not become a barrier in career advancement.
🔵 6. Language for Inclusion and Equality
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Policies aim to protect linguistic minorities and tribal languages.
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Promote inclusive education for students from diverse language backgrounds.
📌 Example: Providing multilingual textbooks and translation aids in tribal areas.
🔶 IV. Challenges in Implementation
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Lack of trained multilingual teachers
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Regional language vs. English preference in urban schools
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Political and cultural conflicts over language dominance
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Resource limitations in creating books and training materials
🔷 V. Recent Initiatives and NEP 2020 Highlights
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Promotion of multilingualism and mother tongue-based education
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Technology-based language learning (e-content in multiple languages)
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Focus on preserving endangered languages
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Support for classical and tribal languages
🔶 VI. Conclusion
✅ Language policies are essential for ensuring equitable, quality, and inclusive education.
They help promote cultural identity, social integration, and learning effectiveness.
A balanced and flexible language policy leads to academic success and national unity in a diverse country like India.
Shall I continue with Q.3: What are the various determinants of effective curriculum transactions? Discuss the role of the teacher?