2. What are the aims of language teaching with specific reference to first, second and other language?
Certainly! Here's a **detailed notebook-style answer** in **English** for:
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## ✳️ **Q.2. What are the aims of language teaching with specific reference to first, second, and other languages?**
**(Marks: 10)**
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### 🔶 **I. Introduction**
Language is the **primary tool for communication, thinking, and learning**. Teaching language aims to develop the learner's ability to **understand and express thoughts** effectively in oral and written forms.
The aims of language teaching vary depending on whether it is the **first language (L1)**, **second language (L2)**, or **other languages (foreign or additional languages)**.
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### 🔷 **II. General Aims of Language Teaching**
1. To develop **Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing (LSRW)** skills
2. To enable **effective communication** in real-life situations
3. To build **comprehension, vocabulary, grammar, and fluency**
4. To help in **concept formation, reasoning, and creative expression**
5. To promote appreciation of **literature, culture, and diversity**
6. To support **learning across subjects** through language
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### 🔶 **III. Aims of Teaching First Language (L1)**
The **first language** is the **mother tongue** or the language acquired naturally at home.
✅ **Key aims:**
1. To develop **natural fluency and confidence** in expression
2. To enhance the child’s ability to **think and express ideas clearly**
3. To preserve and **strengthen cultural identity and heritage**
4. To support **cognitive development** through the language the child understands best
5. To build **literary interest and creative writing** in one’s native language
📌 *Example: Teaching Hindi to a child whose home language is Hindi.*
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### 🔷 **IV. Aims of Teaching Second Language (L2)**
The **second language** is the language learned **after the mother tongue**, often used in education or wider communication (e.g., English in many Indian schools).
✅ **Key aims:**
1. To build **functional and academic proficiency**
2. To enable students to **read, write, and communicate** effectively
3. To support **learning in other subjects** (especially where the second language is the medium of instruction)
4. To prepare students for **higher education and employment opportunities**
5. To develop **intercultural awareness** through a second language
📌 *Example: Teaching English in an Indian classroom where the student’s mother tongue is Hindi or Tamil.*
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### 🔶 **V. Aims of Teaching Other (Foreign or Additional) Languages**
These are languages not commonly spoken in the learner’s environment (like French, German, Sanskrit, etc.).
✅ **Key aims:**
1. To provide **basic communication skills** in the target language
2. To build awareness and appreciation of **global languages and cultures**
3. To enhance **multilingual competence and mental flexibility**
4. To promote interest in **translation, travel, tourism, or international studies**
5. To introduce **literature and classical knowledge** (especially in languages like Sanskrit or Arabic)
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### 🔷 **VI. Importance for Teachers**
For effective language teaching, teachers must:
* Understand the **learners' background and level of exposure**
* Use **contextual and activity-based learning**
* Integrate **culture, stories, role-play, and technology**
* Provide opportunities for **real-life language use**
* Focus on **both accuracy and fluency**
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### 🔶 **VII. Conclusion**
> ✅ The aims of language teaching are not just to teach words or grammar, but to help learners become **confident, creative, and competent communicators**.
> These aims differ slightly based on whether the language is **L1, L2, or foreign**, but all aim to support the **intellectual, social, and emotional development** of the learner.
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Would you like the
**Hindi version** of this answer or the next long answer (**Question 3**) in the same format?