Certainly! Let's now continue with the next question from UNIT-II — a full-length B.Ed-style answer for 16 marks.
✅ UNIT – II
Q5. Describe the fundamental rights and duties of the citizens mentioned in the Indian Constitution.
Answer:
Introduction:
The Constitution of India guarantees its citizens certain Fundamental Rights and prescribes Fundamental Duties that promote democratic values and responsible citizenship. These rights and duties play a vital role in shaping an educated, aware, and socially responsible society.
🟩 Fundamental Rights (Part III – Article 12 to 35):
The Constitution provides six Fundamental Rights which are essential for the all-round development of individuals. These include:
1. Right to Equality (Article 14–18):
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Ensures equality before the law.
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Prohibits discrimination on the basis of religion, caste, gender, race, or place of birth.
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Provides equal opportunity in public employment.
2. Right to Freedom (Article 19–22):
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Includes freedom of speech and expression, movement, assembly, association, residence, and profession.
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Also includes protection of life and personal liberty under Article 21.
➡️ Article 21-A (added by 86th Amendment, 2002):
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Provides free and compulsory education to all children aged 6 to 14 years as a Fundamental Right.
3. Right against Exploitation (Article 23–24):
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Prohibits child labor and human trafficking.
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No child below 14 years can be employed in hazardous work or factories.
4. Right to Freedom of Religion (Article 25–28):
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Citizens have the freedom to practice, profess, and propagate any religion.
5. Cultural and Educational Rights (Article 29–30):
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Protects the rights of minorities to preserve their language, culture, and script.
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Minorities can establish and manage their own educational institutions.
6. Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32):
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Provides the right to move to the Supreme Court or High Court for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
🟦 Fundamental Duties (Part IV-A – Article 51A):
Introduced by the 42nd Amendment, 1976, there are 11 Fundamental Duties for all Indian citizens. Educationally important duties include:
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To develop scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry.
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To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
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To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood.
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To safeguard public property.
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To strive towards excellence in all spheres of life.
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To provide education to children between 6 and 14 years of age (Article 51A(k))
Conclusion:
Fundamental Rights and Duties together form the moral and legal backbone of Indian democracy. They ensure that every citizen not only enjoys freedoms but also fulfills responsibilities. In the field of education, these provisions aim to build an inclusive, aware, and progressive society.
Let me know when you're ready for UNIT–III, Question 6 on the Kothari Commission Report.