Here are the **full proper answers** for all **12 short questions (Q1 a–l)** from the **B.Ed 1st Year 2022 – “Childhood and Growing Up”** paper, written in a B.Ed-exam standard explanation format:
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### **(a) Give the meaning of child development.**
**Answer:**
Child development refers to the sequence of physical, cognitive, emotional, social, and moral changes that occur in a child from birth to adolescence.
It includes improvement in body structure (height, weight), language acquisition, thinking skills, emotional regulation, and social behavior.
This process is continuous and influenced by heredity, environment, education, and experience.
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### **(b) Difference between Growth and Development.**
| Basis | Growth | Development |
| ----------- | ------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------- |
| Meaning | Increase in size, height, and weight | Overall changes in mental, emotional, social skills |
| Nature | Quantitative | Qualitative |
| Duration | Stops after maturity | Continues throughout life |
| Measurement | Can be measured (e.g., cm, kg) | Cannot be measured directly |
| Example | Height increase | Learning a new language or developing emotions |
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### **(c) Mention the role of family in language development.**
**Answer:**
* The family is the first language environment for a child.
* Parents and elders talk to the child and create opportunities to listen and speak.
* They help with pronunciation, vocabulary, storytelling, and reading habits.
* A warm emotional environment encourages expressive communication.
* Thus, the family shapes the foundation of language learning.
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### **(d) Write two characteristics of Indian adolescence.**
**Answer:**
1. **Identity Crisis** – Adolescents face confusion about career, values, and personality.
2. **Academic and Social Pressure** – Students experience stress due to competition, family expectations, and peer influence.
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### **(e) Needs of Indian adolescence.**
**Answer:**
* **Emotional support and guidance**
* **Balanced nutrition and healthcare**
* **Sex and health education**
* **Career counseling and skill development**
* **Safe environment and opportunities for self-expression**
* **Moral and value education**
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### **(f) Vocational guidance for adolescence.**
**Answer:**
Vocational guidance helps adolescents understand their interests and abilities to choose a suitable career.
It includes:
* Career counseling
* Aptitude and interest tests
* Awareness of job opportunities
* Motivation and training for skill development
This reduces confusion and supports goal-oriented education.
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### **(g) Write the concept of mental health.**
**Answer:**
Mental health is a state of emotional and psychological well-being.
A mentally healthy person:
* Can handle stress and emotions
* Has positive relationships
* Thinks rationally
* Works productively
Good mental health in students helps in concentration, self-confidence, and success.
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### **(h) What is morality?**
**Answer:**
Morality refers to a person’s understanding of right and wrong.
It is shaped by family, religion, school, and society.
Moral values include:
* Honesty
* Respect
* Fairness
* Responsibility
Moral development helps in becoming a good human being and citizen.
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### **(i) Mention the functions of family in social development.**
**Answer:**
* **Socialization** – Teaches norms, values, and culture
* **Emotional support** – Provides love, care, and a sense of belonging
* **Discipline** – Teaches acceptable behavior and control
* **Role model** – Parents and siblings influence child’s social behavior
* **Communication skills** – Develops through interaction within the family
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### **(j) Give the concept of IQ.**
**Answer:**
IQ (Intelligence Quotient) is a score derived from tests to assess a person’s intellectual ability.
* Average IQ is 100
* IQ tests measure logical reasoning, problem-solving, memory, and comprehension
* High IQ indicates giftedness
* Low IQ may require special support
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### **(k) System of delinquency.**
**Answer:**
Delinquency refers to antisocial or illegal behavior by juveniles.
**Causes:**
* Poor parenting
* Lack of education
* Peer pressure
* Poverty
* Media influence
**Prevention:**
* Moral education
* Counseling
* Supportive school and home environment
* Engagement in positive activities
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### **(l) How to identify gifted children?**
**Answer:**
Gifted children show exceptional abilities in one or more areas such as academics, creativity, leadership, or arts.
**Identification Methods:**
* High performance in school
* IQ tests (usually IQ above 130)
* Teacher/parent observations
* Creativity, curiosity, and quick learning ability
Early identification helps in proper educational support and growth.
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