Here is the complete notebook-style solution for Section 1 (Very Short Answers) from the B.Ed. 1st Year Exam 2023 – Learning and Teaching (Code: 501303). This is ideal for neat handwritten answers in your exam copy.
✍️ Section – 1
Answer any eight of the following very briefly: (2×8 = 16 marks)
निम्नलिखित में से किसी आठ प्रश्नों के अति संक्षिप्त उत्तर लिखिए :
✅ (a) Give the concept of belief.
विश्वास की अवधारणा बताइए।
Answer:
Belief is a mental attitude in which a person accepts something as true or real, often without complete evidence. It influences thinking, behavior, and decisions. In education, a learner’s belief in their ability strongly affects their motivation and learning outcomes.
✅ (b) State the meaning of motivation.
अभिप्रेरणा का अर्थ बताइए।
Answer:
Motivation is an internal process that stimulates, directs, and sustains behavior toward a goal. It can be intrinsic (from within) or extrinsic (from outside rewards like praise or marks).
✅ (c) Write the nature of personality.
व्यक्तित्व की प्रकृति का उल्लेख कीजिए।
Answer:
Personality is the unique and dynamic organization of an individual’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. It is shaped by both heredity and environment and influences how a person reacts in different situations.
✅ (d) Give the meaning of teaching.
शिक्षण का अर्थ बताइए।
Answer:
Teaching is a purposeful activity that facilitates learning by imparting knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes through planned interaction between teacher and learner.
✅ (e) State the concept of development.
विकास की अवधारणा बताइए।
Answer:
Development is a continuous process of qualitative and quantitative changes in a person’s physical, cognitive, emotional, and social aspects from birth to maturity.
✅ (f) Give the nature of intelligence.
बुद्धि की प्रकृति बताइए।
Answer:
Intelligence is the ability to think, reason, solve problems, and adapt to new situations. It is multifaceted, dynamic, and partly inherited. It also develops through environment and learning.
✅ (g) Give the concept of behaviourism.
व्यवहारवाद की अवधारणा बताइए।
Answer:
Behaviourism is a theory of learning that focuses on observable behaviors. It believes learning occurs through interaction with the environment using stimulus-response methods (e.g., rewards and punishments).
✅ (h) State the concept of information processing.
सूचना प्रक्रिया की अवधारणा बताइए।
Answer:
Information processing theory compares the human mind to a computer. It describes how information is taken in, processed, stored, and retrieved for use in learning and decision-making.
✅ (i) State learning as construction of knowledge.
ज्ञान के निर्माण के रूप में अधिगम को बताइए।
Answer:
Learning as construction of knowledge means learners actively create their own understanding based on experiences. It is a constructivist approach where learners connect new ideas with prior knowledge.
✅ (j) Write the concept of self-regulated learning.
स्व-नियंत्रित अधिगम की अवधारणा बताइए।
Answer:
Self-regulated learning is a process in which learners plan, monitor, and evaluate their own learning strategies and goals. It involves self-discipline, self-motivation, and reflection.
✅ (k) Give the advantages of dialogue.
वार्तालाप के गुण बताइए।
Answer:
Dialogue in education promotes better understanding, critical thinking, and collaborative learning. It encourages mutual respect, idea exchange, and problem-solving among students.
📝 You only need to write any 8 of these 11 in the exam.
Would you like to move to Q2 (Long answer – 16 marks) next:
"Discuss the relationship between learning and motivation and their educational implications"?