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Explain social characteristics of adolescence. [Marks: 16 | Long Answer Format] (किशोरावस्था की सामाजिक विशेषताओं की व्याख्या कीजिए

B.Ed 1st Year Exam., 2023 GENDER, SCHOOL AND SOCIETY Time: 1½ hours Full Marks: 40 D Instructions: (i) The marks are indicated in the right-hand margin. (i) There are SIX questions in this paper. (ii) Question No. 1 (attempt any FIVE out of EIGHT) is compulsory. (iv) Attempt any THREE questions out of the rest FIVE questions. 1. Answer any five questions of the following: 2×5-10 निम्नलिखित में से किन्हीं पाँच प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए: (a) Define gender. जेन्डर को परिभाषित कीजिए। (b) What is masculinity? पुरुषत्व क्या है? (c) Define gender bias. जेन्डर पक्षपात को परिभाषित कीजिए।

Q5. What are the special problems of Indian adolescents? How would you help adolescents to meet these problems? [Marks: 16 | Long Answer Format] (भारतीय किशोरों की कौन-कौन-सी विशेष समस्याएँ हैं? इन समस्याओं से छुटकारा पाने के लिए आप किशोरों की किस प्रकार सहायता कर सकते हैं?)

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Top Defence Achievements of India in 2025

 **Top Defence Achievements of India in 2025**


#### 🚀 1. **Successful Test of IADWS (Integrated Air Defence Weapon System)**

- **Date:** 23 August 2025

- **Location:** Off the coast of Odisha

- **Components:**

  - **QRSAM** – Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missiles

  - **VSHORADS** – Very Short Range Air Defence Missiles

  - **DEW** – Directed Energy Weapon (Laser-based)

- **Significance:** Establishes a **multi-layered air defence shield** against drones, missiles, and aircraft.


#### 🔥 2. **Agni-5 Missile Upgrade**

- **Tested:** August 20, 2025

- **Range:** Upgraded to **7,500 km**

- **Purpose:** Strengthens India’s strategic deterrence with **intercontinental strike capability**.


#### 🛡️ 3. **Operation Sindoor**

- **Context:** Response to aerial threats post-Pahalgam terror attack

- **Systems Used:** Akash SAM, BrahMos, loitering munitions

- **Impact:** Demonstrated **real-time interception** of drones and missiles.


#### 🏭 4. **Record Defence Production**

- **Value:** ₹1.27 lakh crore in 2023–24

- **Growth:** 174% increase since 2014

- **Focus:** Indigenous platforms like LCH Prachand, AMCA fighter jets.


#### 🌍 5. **Defence Exports Boom**

- **Value:** ₹23,622 crore in 2024–25

- **Growth:** 34x increase since 2014

- **Export Destinations:** Over 85 countries including US, France, Armenia.


#### 🛰️ 6. **New Warfronts: Cyber, Space & AI**

- **Initiatives:**

  - AI-based drones

  - Electromagnetic weapons

  - Anti-satellite missiles

- **Goal:** Prepare for **multi-domain warfare**.


#### 🧠 7. **Structural Reforms**

- **Integrated Theatre Commands:** Joint Army-Navy-Airforce operations

- **CDS Role Strengthened:** Faster decision-making

- **Simplified Procurement:** Boost to Make in India defence projects.


#### 👩‍✈️ 8. **Women Empowerment in Defence**

- **Women Officers:** Tripled to over 11,000

- **Permanent Commissions:** Granted to 507 officers

- **Combat Roles:** Women now inducted into NDA and frontline positions.


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